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Spending your time...
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Tue 9 February 2010,
1:36:28
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Public intervenings
Belgian
public administrations, offices and agencies index
ForEm , ORBEm / BDAB et Bruxelles
Formation, VDAB
: regional offices for employment and education (Walloon region,
Brussels-Capital region, Flemish region).
T Interim
: Interim public company.
ONEm :
National employment agency.
National
Social Security Office
Links to European public administrations
a. Public institutions in Belgium
Belgium is a federal state since 1993 (about ten millions
inhabitants). But it is a rather special federalism. And even
unique in the world. It is consiered as a possibility for the new
state of Cyprus, for the future of Europe. It is studied in US
academies as a model of institutional negociation.
There are in fact two kinds of federated states :
- the regions, taking care about economy, agriculture,
habitat, transport, environment, territory arrangement,
employment, ...
- the communities, interested in education, culture
(libraries, television, radio, ...) and other problems
directly related to the persons (family politicy, youth help,
heath politicy, language laws, ...).
There are three regions in Belgium : the Walloon region
(south Belgium, about 3,3 millions inhabitants; French is the
official language, except in the Eastern part of the region where
German is the official language, and in some municipalities with
"language facilities", officially bilingual.), the Flemish
region (north Belgium, about 5,8 millions inhabitants,
officially Dutch speaking, except in municipalities with language
facilities) and the Brussels-Capitale region (about 950.000
inhabitants; the whole territory is officially bilingual French /
Dutch, in the facts, 90 % are French speakers). However,
thousands of people are coming from the Flemish suburbia every
day for working).
There are three Communities, because of the three national
languages : the
French Community of Belgium (these days known as the
Wallonia-Brussels French Community mainly concerning people
living in the Walloon and Brussels-Capital regions, about 4,1
millions people), the Flemish Community (mainly concerning
people from the Flemish region, about 5,9 millions people) and the German speaking
Community (East of the Walloon region, 70,000 people).
The Flemish region and the Flemish community decided to merge
together, as they where generally concerning the same people. The
capital of this state is anyway... Brussels, part of the
Brussels-Capital region ! The city is in fact historically a
Flemish city, which became a French speaking city as it became
the capital of an officially French speaking state in 1831. This
Flemish state is generally known as "Vlaanderen",
Flandria. The names Flemish community and Flemish region are also
used, talking about legal competencies.
In the Brussels-Capital region, some regional competencies
include a language dimension (the employment politicy for
example). The
French speaking council and the Flemish
council., each one composed with all the Congressmen of a
particular language from the regional parliament, are in charge
of theses problems.
As now the Flemish nation is gathered in only one state,
partnerships between the French speaking states are rather common
(the Brussels-Capital and the Walloon region generally have a
common international representation for example; the Walloon
region and the French community will soon share their IT
structures). Some say that the Belgian state should only include
two big local parliaments and administrations (Flemish and
Walloon). Against the opinion of minorities of course (mainly
people from Brussels and from the German speaking community).
All these complex institutions are now rather well matching
with the Belgian linguistic situation. But some problems remain,
because of the political and demographic evolutions.
The provinces : there are ten provinces in
Belgium. They were instigated as departments at the time of the
French Empire. They have no parliament, depending from the
Federal state. They have less and less competencies (tourism,
investments, helps, education, ...), and some say that they are
no more really useful and should be suppressed. Anyway, people
still appreciate those institutions for historical and
geographical reasons..
The municipalities : there are 589
municipalities in Belgium. They were 2.359 before 1977, and it
was decided that they should be 4 times less. The ancient
municipalities where those established when the country was part
of the French empire. The municipalities are now controlled by
the regions.
The Federal state
still keeps some competences : tax politicy, finances, justice,
security, the army, the social security and the social and work
laws.
Federal
Ministry of Employment and Work
Index du Ministère Fédéral de l'Emploi et
du Travail
ROSETTA
employment plan : First Job Convention plan.
Federal
Ministry of Justice
Federal
ministry for Social Affaires
Federal
Ministry of Middle Classes and Agriculture
Federal
Ministry of Finances, Federal fiscal administrations
Federal
Ministry of Public administration
Social
Security National Office
Pensions
National Office
INAMI :
Diseases-Incapacity Insurance Office.
Social
Security National Office for provincial and local
administrations
Social Security
Database Office
Work Accidents Fund
ClicForm
: Administration online forms.
State
Council
Court of
arbitration
Relegation
court
Court
of accountings
General
Euro Office
Work
International Organisation
European
Union Commission
There a lot of other public intervenings, known as
"para-publics" (para-federals, para-regionals,
para-communitaries, association of municipalities), with various
statutes (including participations in privates companies). A lot
of activities are concerned. Moreover, the daily administration
of some institutions and agencies is taken in charge by the
"social partners" (employers and workers unions), as
for the National
Employment Agency for example.
Belgian public administrations websites index
b. Consequences for Human Resources management in Belgium.
Human Resources Management is thus depending on a lot of
different administrations. The main ones are the Federal
administration and the regional administrations.
Education can be for example in charge of Communities,
Regions, (professional education), the Federal state (military
schools), the Provinces, the Municipalities or can be free
(generally organised by the Catholic church). The three big
French speaking universities themselves (also for the 3 Dutch
speaking universities) have a different origin : Liège ( Gent ) was
created by the state by the time of the Lowlands Kingdom (1817),
now managed by communities, Bruxelles ( Brussel ) from the free thought, and Louvain-la-Neuve
( Leuven
) is catholic. The education programs have been recently
coordinated. In other domains than education, it is sometime hard
to find who is responsible for a particular competence or
politics, and the State council, the institution solving this
kind of conflicts, has got a lot to do. For example, you can find
one Federal Ministry and three regional ministries for the
employment politicy; the German speaking community has also some
of the competences supposed to be left to the Walloon region..
These are the HR competences and the level of government
concerned by them:
- federal : justice, social security, transport (railways,
national airport), employment politicy, social and work
laws;
- regional : employment politicy, employment and
professional education agencies, transport (roads,
regional airports), social help;
- communities : education, languages laws;
- provincial, municipalities : investments aids, logistic;
- private : some social security competencies : work
accident insurances, holiday funds, private old age
funds, ... Allowances for health care too, made by the
"Mutualties", which generally are non profit
organisations with a geographical, philosophic,
linguistic or political origin. The private sector also
provides a lot of other non mandatory services;
- workers unions / employers unions commissions : some
parts of the social security (management and / or
administration), work law and justice (the work court
include a professional judge, but also one from the
workers unions and one from the employers unions).
c. The Belgian administration is no more a mystery for you ?
You really understand the Belgian administrations and
institutions ? OK, let's see it...
A typical case, concerning Human Resources Management : the
employment politicy. It is of course concerning the job seekers,
but also the HR officers, as the employment politicy includes
several individual or collective aids and legal commitments.
The employment politicy, before the federalisation, was set by
the National
Office for Employment, just like for the French ANPE or the 'ADEM in
Luxembourg. It was decided to delegate the competences of
unemployment and professional education to the local federal
states. The National Office for Employment still keeps the
financial management of the employment politic. The unemployment
allowance distribution is organized by one of the three official
workers unions (CSC
, FGTB , CGSLB) or by the
federal Unemployment Allowances Distribution office (CAPAC), part
of the National Office for Employment.
How to organise the employment politicy through the different
institutions, as the education is supposed to be a competency in
charge of the Communities, and the unemployment in charge of the
Region? It was finally decided that the whole employment politicy
would be managed by the regions.
Two regional agencies are created : the ForEm (Walloon
region) and the VDAB
(Flemish region). Each one is in charge of unemployment and
professional education on its own territory. So are managed
theses competencies for about 90 % of the Belgian people. What
about the other ones ?
- the inhabitant of the Brussels-Capital Region : the VDAB
is in charge of the professional education for the Dutch
speakers. The unemployment is managed by the ORBEm / BDAB
for Dutch and French speakers. Professional education is
given by Bruxelles Formation for the French
speakers;
- the inhabitants of the German community territory : these
competencies should have been managed by the Walloon
region. They seem to be finally taken in charge by the Service for
Unemployment in the German speaking community. Its
web site takes you directly to the ForEm web site... The
charge of unemployment on this territory is indeed not a
big thing, for this 70,000 persons population, with only
5% of people looking for a job.
See also...
Bookmark this adress for a direct access to this page :
http://www.hr2hr.com/main.php?lng=en&page_id=007
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